Incidence of Dental Caries and Associated Factors in the School Period in a Municipality in Southern Brazil

Abstract Objective: To estimate the incidence of dental caries and associated factors in the school period from six/seven to ten years of age. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study involving 168 children was followed up between 2015 and 2019 in the municipality of Palhoça, Brazil. The dependent variable was the caries incidence rate in the mixed dentition. The independent variables included information regarding demographic and socioeconomic status. Multivariate analyzes were carried out using Poisson Regression with a robust estimator. Variables with p <0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in the adjusted model. Relative risks were estimated, as well as 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of 168 followed schoolchildren, 32 developed the disease, providing an incidence rate of 19.0%. Female children had a 10% higher risk [RR = 1.10 (95% CI 1.03; 1.18)] of developing caries than males. Also, children born from fathers with ≤ 8 years of schooling at baseline had a 9% higher risk [RR = 1.09 (95% CI 1.01; 1.16)] of developing dental caries compared to fathers with higher education. Conclusion: The incidence of dental caries in a four-year period was 19.0%. Females and children born from fathers with a lower level of education showed higher incidence rates.

Prenatal, neonatal and postnatal factors and the developmental defects of dental enamel / Fatores pré-natais, neonatais e pós-natais e defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of developmental defects in dental enamel and its possible association with prenatal, neonatal and postnatal conditions in six-year-old schoolchildren in a southern Brazilian municipality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 655 six-year-old schoolchildren. Sociodemographic and health data were collected through interviews with mothers and children's oral examinations at schools. Multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust estimator. Results: The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel was 44.0%. Demarcated opacities were the most prevalent, followed by diffuse opacities. Late pregnancy, maternal schooling less than eight years, female gender and child's white skin color were independently associated with the prevalence of demarcated opacities. Conclusions: The prevalence of developmental defects in dental enamel was 44.0%. Late pregnancy, maternal schooling less than eight years, female gender and child's white skin color were associated with the prevalences.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário e sua possível associação com fatores pré-natais, neonatais e pós-natais em escolares de seis anos de idade em um município do sul do Brasil. Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal envolvendo 655 escolares de seis anos de idade. Os dados sociodemográficos e de saúde foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com as mães e exames bucais das crianças nas escolas. As análises multivariadas foram realizadas por meio de regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto. Resultados: A prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte foi de 44,0%. As opacidades demarcadas foram as mais prevalentes, seguidas das difusas. Gravidez tardia, escolaridade materna inferior a oito anos, sexo feminino e cor da pele branca da criança foram independentemente associados à prevalência de opacidades demarcadas. Conclusões: A prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário foi de 44,0%. Gravidez tardia, escolaridade materna inferior a oito anos de estudo, sexo feminino e cor da pele branca da criança estiveram associados às prevalências.

Consumo de alimentos ultra processados e fatores associados em crianças de seis anos de idade / Consumption of ultra-processed foods and associated factors in six-year-old children

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência e a frequência semanal de consumo de certos alimentos ultra processados por crianças de seis anos e fatores associados em município do Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal com 956 crianças. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com mães nos domicílios. Os desfechos foram o consumo de balas, chicletes, pirulitos e chocolates; bolachas recheadas; sucos artificiais; e refrigerantes por meio do Índice Alimentação do Escolar. As variáveis independentes foram sexo, tipo de escola, escolaridade e ocupação materna, amamentação, tempo de amamentação exclusiva e utilização de mamadeira. A análise bivariada foi realizada pelo qui-quadrado, e a multivariada por meio da regressão de Poisson. Na análise multivariada, a prevalência semanal do consumo de bolacha recheada foi 14% maior nos alunos de escolas públicas e 8% maior em filhos de mães com escolaridade menor do que oito anos. O consumo de suco artificial foi 7% maior entre alunos de escolas públicas e 6% maior nas crianças que fizeram uso de mamadeira. O consumo de refrigerantes foi 8% maior entre alunos de escolas públicas. A maioria dos escolares consumia os alimentos ultra processados estudados de uma a duas vezes na semana. O consumo mostrou-se associado às variáveis independentes estudadas.

Abstract This article aims to estimate the prevalence and weekly frequency of ultra-processed food consumption in six-year-old children and associated factors in a municipality in southern Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 956 children. Data were collected through interviews with mothers in the households. The outcomes were the consumption of candies, chewing gum, lollipops and chocolates; stuffed cookies; artificial juices; and soft drinks using the Índice de Alimentação Escolar (School Feeding Index). The independent variables were gender, type of school, education and maternal occupation, breastfeeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the use of bottle. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. In the multivariate analysis, the weekly prevalence of stuffed cookies consumption was 14% higher in students from public schools and 8% higher in children of mothers with less than eight years of schooling. Artificial juice and soft drink consumption was 7% and 8% higher in public school students respectively and 6% higher in bottle-fed children. Most schoolchildren consumed the ultra-processed foods assessed once or twice a week. Consumption was associated with the independent variables assessed.

A carga de doença por COVID-19 em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, no período de um ano / The burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, over a one-year period

Resumo A COVID-19 gerou impacto na sociedade com elevados índices de morbidade e mortalidade. A utilização de indicador epidemiológico que estime a carga de doença, agregando em uma medida a mortalidade precoce e os casos não fatais, tem potencial de auxiliar no planejamento de ações adequadas em diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a carga de doença por COVID-19 em Florianópolis/SC de abril de 2020 a março de 2021. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico com dados de notificação e óbitos por COVID-19 no período de 12 meses. Utilizou-se o indicador de carga denominado Anos de Vida Perdidos Ajustados por Incapacidade (DALY), obtido pela soma dos Anos de Vida Perdidos (YLL) com os Anos Vividos com Incapacidade (YLD). Foram incluídos 78.907 casos de COVID-19 confirmados. Desses, 763 evoluíram a óbito no período estudado. No total, foram estimados 4.496,6 DALYs, taxa de 883,8 DALYs/100.000 habitantes. No sexo masculino, foram 2.693,1 DALYs, taxa de 1.098,0 DALYs/100.000 homens. Em mulheres, foram 1.803,8 DALYs, taxa de 684,4 DALYs/100.000 mulheres. A faixa etária mais acometida em ambos os sexos foi de 60 a 69 anos. Foi alta a carga de COVID-19 na cidade estudada. As maiores taxas foram encontradas no sexo feminino e na faixa-etária de 60-69 anos.

Abstract COVID-19 has had a powerful impact on society with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The use of an epidemiological indicator that estimates the burden of a disease by aggregating early mortality and non-fatal cases in a single measure has the potential to assist in the planning of more appropriate actions at different levels of health care. The scope of this article is to estimate the burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Florianópolis/SC from April 2020 through March 2021. An ecological study was carried out with data from notification and deaths by COVID-19 in the period of 12 months. The burden indicator called Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) was used, obtained by adding the Years of Life Lost (YLL) to the Years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD). A total of 78,907 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included. Of these, 763 died during the period under study. Overall, 4,496.9 DALYs were estimated, namely a rate of 883.8 DALYs per 100,000 inhabitants. In males, there were 2,693.1 DALYs, a rate of 1,098.0 DALYs per 100,000 males. In women, there were 1,803.8 DALYs, a rate of 684.4 DALYs per100,000 women. The age group most affected in both sexes was 60 to 69 years. The burden of COVID-19 was high in the city studied. The highest rates were in females and in the 60-69 age group.

Positive screening for major depressive disorder in high-risk pregnant women / Triagem positiva para transtorno depressivo maior em gestantes de alto risco

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the frequency of positive screening for major depressive disorder and associated factors in high-risk pregnant women at a reference hospital of the Brazilian Public Health System. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 184 high-risk pregnant women at the Maternity at the Hospital Regional de São José , SC, Brazil. Positive screening for major depressive disorder using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was selected as the dependent variable. Socio-demographic and pregnancy-related variables were also collected. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with a robust estimator, including all variables that presented a p-value < 0.20 in the bivariate analysis. Statistically significant differences were considered when p ≤ 0.05. Results: The frequency of positive screening for major depressive disorder was 37.5%. Non-white skin color, income of less than USD 572,56 per month and maternal age of less than 18 years or greater than or equal to 35 years were statistically and independently associated with positive screening for major depressive disorder in high-risk pregnant women. Conclusion: The frequency of positive screening for major depressive disorder in the high-risk pregnant women studied was 37.5%. The frequency was statistically associated with skin color, family income and extremes in the maternal age.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a frequência de rastreio positivo de transtorno depressivo maior e fatores associados em gestantes de alto risco em uma maternidade de referência do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 184 gestantes de alto risco da Maternidade do Hospital Regional de São José, SC, Brasil. A variável dependente foi o rastreio de transtorno depressivo maior por meio da aplicação da Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edimburgo. Foram coletadas ainda variáveis sociodemográficas e relacionadas à gestação. Os dados foram analisados por meio da regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto, incluindo todas as variáveis que apresentaram valor de p < 0,20 na análise bivariada. Consideraram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: A frequência de rastreio positivo para transtorno depressivo foi de 37,5%. Cor da pele não branca, renda mensal inferior a USD 572,56 e idade materna inferior a 18 anos ou superior ou igual a 35 anos foram estatística e independentemente associadas ao rastreamento positivo para transtorno depressivo maior em gestantes de alto risco. Conclusão: A frequência de rastreio positivo de transtorno depressivo maior em gestantes de alto risco estudadas foi de 37,5%. A frequência mostrou-se estatisticamente associada com cor de pele, renda familiar e extremos de idade materna.

First Thousand Days of Child Life and the Development of Risk Factors for Malocclusions

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the association between individual and socioeconomic factors during the first thousand days of the child's life and the occurrence of risk behaviors for the development of malocclusions. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. A sample of 655 6-year-old schoolchildren and families was included. Interviews with mothers were performed at home. The dependent variables were risk behaviors to the development of malocclusions. Independent variables were socioeconomic conditions, aspects of gestation, birth and health of the child up to two years of age. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed through Poisson regression. Results: Maternal education of less than eight years was independently associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding until the fourth month (PR=1.58 CI 95%; 1.07; 2.37). Occupation of the mother with income [PR=1.26; 1.02; 1.56)], occupation of the father without income [PR=1.46 (1.01; 2.14)] were associated fwith interruption of breastfeeding until the sixth month. Pregnancy in adolescence [PR=0.83 (0.70; 0.98)] and nursery attendance [PR=1.15 (1.02; 1.28)] were associated with bottle use. Nursery attendance [PR=1.27 (1.01; 1.59)], hospitalization in the first 29 days of life [PR=1.34 (1.01; 1.80)], occurrence of reflux [PR=1.30 (1.01; 1.70)] were associated with pacifier using. Conclusion: Variables related to the period of the first thousand days of life are associated with higher risk behaviors for the occurrence of malocclusions.

Transcultural adaptation of a scale for exclusive breastfeeding to be used in Brazil

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding for use in a Brazilian-Portuguese context. METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation process involved the translation from original English into Brazilian Portuguese by two qualified and independent translators. Both translations were synthesized into a single version that was back-translated into English. An expert committee was created to assess linguistic equivalences, formulating a pre-final version that was tested on ten nursing women attending a maternity hospital. To assess its psychometric properties, a cross-sectional study was carried out. The population consisted of 99 nursing women from a reference maternity hospital in southern Brazil. The scale's stability and internal consistency were measured through Cronbach's alpha. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient between two applications were assessed to ascertain the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br scale's reliability. The construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factorial analysis. RESULTS: The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br showed a general Cronbach's alpha of 0.849. The test-retest analysis showed a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.483 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.645. The exploratory factorial analysis showed two domains among the nine items of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br: the functional domain, including six items, and the cognitive domain, including three items, explaining 59.77% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in Exclusive Breastfeeding-Br was considered adequate for the cultural context and reliable and valid for Brazilian nursing women.

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms and associated factors in six-year-old children in a municipality in southern Brazil / Prevalência de sintomas de rinite alérgica e fatores associados em crianças de seis anos em um município do sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms and associated factors in six-year-old children. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study involving 956 six-year-old schoolchildren from Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Home interviews were conducted with mothers in which socio-demographic and house environmental conditions information were obtained, and the International Study of Athma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire for allergic rhinitis symptoms was applied. Bivariate and multivariate hierarchical analyses were performed using Poisson regression with a robust estimator. Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms was 21.7%. Children whose mothers had over 8 years of education, or who had air conditioning equipment in the house, or whose bedroom walls presented mold or moisture showed statistically significant and independent 5% higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis. Similarly, children of smoker mothers or those who lived with fur or feather animals indoors showed a 4% higher prevalence. Conclusion: Significant associations were observed between socio-demographic factors and environmental conditions in child's home and allergic rhinitis symptoms in children aged six years.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de sintomas de rinite alérgica e fatores associados em crianças de seis anos de idade. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de delineamento transversal envolvendo 956 escolares de seis anos de idade do município de Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares com as mães sobre as informações sociodemográficas e as condições ambientais da casa e foi aplicado o questionário ISAAC para sintomas de rinite alérgica. Análises bivariada e multivariada hierarquizada foram realizadas por meio da Regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas de rinite alérgica foi de 21,7%. Crianças cujas mães apresentavam escolaridade maior que oito anos ou com presença de aparelho de ar condicionado ou mofo/umidade nas paredes do quarto em que dormiam apresentaram prevalência 5% maior, estatisticamente significativa e independente, de rinite alérgica. Da mesma forma, crianças com mães tabagistas ou que conviviam com animais de pelo ou pena dentro de casa apresentaram prevalência 4% maior. Conclusão: Foram observadas associações significativas entre fatores sociodemográficos e condições ambientais da casa da criança e sintomas de rinite alérgica em crianças de seis anos de idade.

Fatores Associados à não Realização de Colpocitologia Oncótica nas Capitais da Região Sul do Brasil / Factors Associated with not Performing Oncotic Colpocytology in the Capital Cities of the Southern Region of Brazil

Introdução: A colpocitologia oncótica é um meio de rastreamento do câncer de colo uterino. O estudo objetivou analisar os fatores associados à não realização desse rastreamento no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com mulheres entrevistadas pela VIGITEL nas capitais do sul do Brasil, envolvendo 1847 registros. Foram incluídas mulheres de 25 a 64 anos de idade. A variável dependente foi a não realização de colpocitologia oncótica nos três anos anteriores à pesquisa, enquanto as independentes foram características sociodemográficas e clínicas da população disponíveis. Análises bivariada e multivariada foram feitas por meio de Regressão Logística, em que foram estimadas as razões de chance com nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: Do total, 1710 registros foram incluídos, com 250 (14,6%) mulheres que responderam não terem realizado, e 1460 (85,4%) terem realizado o procedimento nos últimos três anos. Resultados da análise multivariada evidenciaram que mulheres de 40 a 64 anos apresentaram chance 2,24 maior (IC 95% 1,52; 2,78) (p < 0,001) e aquelas com diabetes mellitus, 1,74 chance (IC 95% 1,13; 2,67) (p = 0,012) de não realização do exame nos últimos três anos. Conclusão: A chance de não realização de colpocitologia oncótica esteve associada à faixa etária de 40 a 64 anos e por apresentar diabetes mellitus na população estudada.

Introduction: Oncotic colpocytology is a method of screening for cervical cancer. The study aimed to analyze the factors associated with not performing this screening in Southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with women interviewed by VIGITEL in the capitals of Southern Brazil involving 1847 records. The participants included were women aged 25 to 64 years. The dependent variable was not performing oncotic colpocytology in the three years before the survey, while the independent variables were sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the population available. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Logistic Regression, in which odds ratios were estimated with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Of the total, 1710 records were included, with 250 (14.6%) women responding that they had not performed and 1460 (85.4%) having performed the procedure in the last three years. Results of multivariate analysis showed that women aged 40 to 64 years had a 2.24 greater chance (95% CI 1.52; 2.78) (p < 0.001) and those with diabetes mellitus a 1.74 chance (95% CI 1.13; 2.67) (p = 0.012) of not having had the exam in the last three years. Conclusion: The chance of not performing oncotic colpocytology was associated with the age range of 40 to 64 years and diabetes mellitus in the studied population.

Cross-cultural adaptation of The Postpartum Childcare Stress Checklist into Brazilian Portuguese / Adaptação transcultural da escala The Postpartum Childcare Stress Checklist para o Português-Brasileiro

Abstract Objectives: to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of The Postpartum Childcare Stress Checklist scale to be used in Brazil. Methods: the cross-cultural adaptation process followed internationally defined guidelines: double translation, synthesis and back-translation, analysis by a committee of experts, proposal for a pre-final and pre-test version, analysis of the psychometrics properties and generation of the final version. The reliability and validity of the final version were analyzed through a cross-sectional epidemiological study involving 190 women in the postpartum period. Cronbach's α indicator for reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis with main component extraction were estimated for validity analysis. Results: α-Cronbach's was 0.894. The tested Brazilian version proved to be one-dimensional and the factor analysis pointed to four factors that were very closely distributed and explained 57.8% of the variance. All items of the original instrument were maintained in the proposed final version. Conclusions: the proposed Brazilian version proved to be valid and reliable for application in Brazilian populations.

Resumo Objetivos: proceder a adaptação transcultural da escala The Postpartum Childcare Stress Checklist para ser utilizada no Brasil. Métodos: o processo de adaptação transcultural seguiu diretrizes definidas internacionalmente: dupla tradução, síntese e retrotradução, análise por comitê de especialistas, proposta de uma versão pré-final e pré-teste, avaliação das propriedades psicométricas e geração da versão final. A confabilidade e validade da versão final foram analisadas por meio de estudo epidemiológico transversal envolvendo 190 mulheres em período pós-parto. Foram estimados o indicador α-Cronbach para análise da confabilidade e análise fatorial exploratória com extração de componentes principais para análise da validade. Resultados: o indicador α- Cronbach foi de 0,894. A versão brasileira testada mostrou-se unidimensional e a análise fatorial apontou quatro fatores distribuídos de maneira muito próxima e que explicaram 57,8% da variância. Todos os itens do instrumento original foram mantidos na versão final proposta. Conclusão: a versão brasileira proposta mostrou-se válida e confável para aplicação em populações brasileiras.

Mortalidade por Covid-19 em hospitais públicos e privados de Florianópolis/SC / Covid-19 mortality in public and private hospitals of Florianópolis/SC

Introdução: O acesso ao tratamento hospitalar adequado é importante para amenizar o impacto causado pelas questões socioeconômicas, auxiliando no combate às iniquidades em saúde. Objetivo: Analisar a diferença da atenção hospitalar pública e privada na mortalidade por Covid-19 em Florianópolis/SC. Métodos: Coorte histórica com dados de pacientes confirmados para Covid-19 entre 22 de fevereiro de 2020 e 09 de novembro de 2020. Utilizou-se abordagem de dupla-robustez. Na primeira etapa, parearam-se indivíduos notificados em hospitais públicos e privados por algoritmo genético. A seguir, estimou-se a probabilidade de óbito em hospitais públicos e privados, por meio de regressão logística. Analisou-se, então, a diferença entre as densidades de probabilidade de óbito dos dois tipos hospitalares. Resultados: Analisaram-se 2.497 pessoas, 1.244 de hospitais públicos e 1.253 de privados. A diferença entre a probabilidade condicional de óbito assumindo que todos os pacientes fossem notificados em hospitais públicos ou que todos fossem notificados em hospitais privados foi de -0,0002 (IC 95% -0,0013; 0,0005). Conclusão: A probabilidade de óbito por Covid-19 mostrou-se semelhante entre pacientes de hospitais públicos e privados.

Introduction: Access to adequate hospital treatment is important to alleviate the impact of socioeconomic issues, helping in the fight against health inequities. Objective: To analyze differences between public and private hospital care regarding COVID-19 mortality in Florianópolis/SC. Methods: This is a historical cohort study with data from patients who had a COVID-19 diagnosis confirmed between February 22, 2020 and November 9, 2020. We used a doubly robust approach. In the first stage, we paired individuals reported by public and private hospitals through a genetics algorithm. Subsequently, we estimated the probability of death in public and private hospitals using a logistic regression. We then analyzed the difference between probability densities of death in both hospital types. Results: This study analyzed 2,497 people, 1,244 public hospitals, and 1,253 private institutions. The difference between conditional probabilities of death assuming that all patients were reported by public hospitals or that all of them were reported by private hospitals was -0.0002 (95%CI -0.0013; 0.0005). Conclusion: The probability of death due to COVID-19 was shown to be similar between patients of public or private hospitals.

Análise do primeiro evento-teste de Santa Catarina no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19, em julho de 2021: um relato de experiência / Análisis del primer evento-prueba de Santa Catarina, Brasil, en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19 en julio de 2021: relato de experiencia / Analysis of the first test event in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021: an experience report

Este estudo visou descrever a gestão e os resultados do evento-teste para flexibilização das medidas de distanciamento em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Trata-se de relato de experiência que descreveu os resultados do evento-teste, realizado em julho de 2021, quando os participantes foram submetidos ao teste diagnóstico de reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real 72-48 horas antes, sendo monitorados por 15 dias. Os desfechos analisados foram a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 até 14 dias após o evento e a presença de sintomas. Entre 313 participantes, a média de idade foi de 45,1 anos e 54,3% eram do sexo feminino. No monitoramento, 7,7% (24) dos participantes contactados relataram sintomas compatíveis com infecção, embora, dos 240 que compareceram para testagem pós-evento, nenhum resultado tenha acusado presença do vírus. Não houve registro de casos de COVID-19 pós-evento. Sugere-se realização de outros eventos-teste para avaliar as recomendações indicadas.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la gestión y los resultados del evento test para flexibilizar las medidas de distanciamiento en Santa Catarina, Brasil. Este es un relato de experiencia que describe los resultados del evento, realizado en julio de 2021 y para el cual, los participantes se sometieron a la prueba diagnóstica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real, 72-48 horas antes, monitoreados durante 15 días. Los desenlaces analizados fueron la infección por SARS-CoV-2 hasta 14 días después del evento y presencia de síntomas. Entre 313 participantes, la edad promedio fue de 45,1 años y 54,3% fueran del sexo femenino. En el seguimiento, 7,7% (24) reportaron síntomas compatibles con infección, pero de los 240 que acudieron a los exámenes posteriores al evento, ninguno de los resultados detectó virus. No se informaron casos de COVID-19 posteriores al evento. Se sugiere realizar otros eventos de prueba para evaluar las recomendaciones indicadas.

This study aimed to describe the management and results of the test event for evaluating relaxation of social distancing measures in Santa Catarina, Brazil. This is an experience report that described results of the test event carried out in July 2021 and for which the participants underwent real-time polymerase chain reaction diagnostic testing 72-48 hours before the event and had follow-up for 15 days afterwards. The outcomes analyzed were SARS-CoV-2 infection up to 14 days after the event and presence of symptoms. Among 313 participants, the mean age was 45.1 years and 54.3% were female. During follow-up, 7.7% (24) of the contacted participants reported symptoms compatible with infection, but of the 240 who attended post-event testing, none of the results detected the presence of the virus. No post-event COVID-19 cases were reported. We suggest that other test events be carried out to evaluate the recommendations indicated.

Adaptação transcultural do questionário Patient-Reported Outcomes in Obesity (PROS) para utilização no Brasil / Transcultural adaptation of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Obesity (PROS) questionnaire for Brazil

RESUMO: Objetivo: Realizar a adaptação transcultural e a validação, no contexto cultural brasileiro, do instrumento de impacto da obesidade Patient-Reported Outcomes in Obesity (PROS). Métodos: O processo de adaptação transcultural contou com a tradução do idioma original, inglês, para o português, executada por dois tradutores qualificados e independentes. A retrotradução foi realizada por dois professores de inglês, nativos, sem qualquer conhecimento médico nem da escala original. Um comitê de especialistas foi composto de pesquisadores para avaliar as equivalências semântica, idiomática, experiencial e conceitual. O pré-teste da versão brasileira, denominada PROS-Br, foi realizado com dez indivíduos adultos com obesidade. Para a avaliação das propriedades psicométricas, foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico de delineamento transversal. A população foi composta de 120 indivíduos adultos com obesidade, brasileiros, presentes para consulta médica em ambulatório-escola. Para análises psicométricas, foram utilizadas a Teoria de Resposta ao Item e análise fatorial com extração de componentes principais. Para aferição da confiabilidade foi utilizado o indicador α-Cronbach. Resultados: Na análise de confiabilidade, o PROS-Br apresentou α-Cronbach de 0,82. Dois fatores explicaram 58,3% da variância total na análise de componentes principais, envolvendo aspectos comportamentais e físicos. As curvas da Teoria de Resposta ao Item mostraram que todas as perguntas apresentam características discriminatórias, apontando para a adequação da versão brasileira proposta. Conclusão: A versão brasileira mostrou-se válida e confiável para aferir a qualidade de vida de indivíduos com obesidade, possibilitando desenvolver estratégias de intervenção, planejamento e execução de ações nos serviços e na política pública de saúde.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validation in the Brazilian cultural context of questionnaire Patient-Reported Outcomes in Obesity (PROS). Methods: The cross-cultural adaptation process involved the translation from original English language into Brazilian Portuguese by two qualified and independent translators. The back-translation was performed by two English language teachers who were native speakers, without any medical knowledge of the original scale. An expert committee was created with researchers to assess semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence. The pre-test of the Brazilian version, named PROS-Br, was carried out with ten adults with obesity. To assess the psychometric properties of the instrument, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out. The population consisted of 120 Brazilian adults with obesity who went to the appointment at a school-clinic. The Item Response Theory and Factor Analysis with Principal Component Extraction was used for the psychometrics analysis. To measure reliability, the α-Cronbach indicator was used. Results: In the reliability analysis, α-Cronbach was 0.82. Two factors explained 58.3% of the total variance in the principal component analysis, involving behavioral and physical aspects. Item Response Theory curves showed that all questions have discriminatory characteristics, pointing to the adequacy of the proposed version. Conclusion: The Brazilian version was proven valid and reliable to measure the quality of life of individuals with obesity, allowing one to develop intervention strategies, plan and execute actions at services and for public health policies.

Association between prenatal and neonatal factors and occurrence of asthma symptoms in six-year-old children / Associação entre fatores pré-natais e neonatais e ocorrência de sintomas de asma em crianças aos seis anos de idade

Abstract The objective was to estimate association between prenatal and neonatal factors and asthma symptoms in children at six years of age. A cross-sectional study using secondary data from a cohort study with a sample of 578 children was carried out. Data were analyzed using three levels hierarchical Poisson Regression. Of the 578 children included in the study, 43.4% (95% CI 39.4; 47.4) had asthma symptoms. The variables with significantly higher prevalence of symptoms and asthma at six years of age were: male gender, with 5% higher prevalence (PR = 1.05 95% CI 1.01; 1.11) (p = 0.043); children of pregnant women presenting infectious diseases with 7% higher prevalence (PR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.02; 1.13) (p = 0.011); children who were not breastfed, with a 12% higher prevalence (PR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.02; 1.24) (p = 0.022) and children with respiratory problems in the first month of life, with a 14% higher prevalence (PR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.01; 1.29) (p = 0.033). It could be concluded that male gender, time-independent breastfeeding deprivation and respiratory problems in the first month of life were independently associated with asthma symptoms at six years of age. The occurrence of infectious diseases during pregnancy was the only factor with intrauterine physiology that was associated with the occurrence of asthma symptoms at six years of age.

Resumo O objetivo foi estimar a associação entre fatores pré-natais e neonatais e sintomas de asma em crianças aos seis anos de idade. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico transversal com dados secundários provenientes de estudo de coorte com amostragem de 578 crianças. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão de Poisson. Do total de 578 crianças incluídas no estudo, 43,4% (IC 95% 39,4; 47,4) apresentavam sintomas de asma. As variáveis com prevalências significativamente maiores de sintomas de asma aos seis anos de idade foram: sexo masculino, com prevalência 5% maior (RP = 1,05 IC 95% 1,01; 1,11) (p = 0,043); crianças de gestantes portadoras de doenças infecciosas, com prevalência 7% maior (RP = 1,07; IC 95% 1,02; 1,13) (p = 0,011); crianças que não foram amamentadas, com prevalência 12% maior (RP = 1,12; IC 95% 1,02; 1,24) (p = 0,022), e crianças com problemas respiratórios no primeiro mês de vida, com prevalência 14% maior (RP = 1,14; IC 95% 1,01; 1,29) (p = 0,033). Concluiu-se que sexo masculino, privação de amamentação, independentemente do tempo, e problemas respiratórios no primeiro mês de vida foram associados de forma independente aos sintomas de asma aos seis anos de idade. A ocorrência de doenças infecciosas durante a gravidez foi o único fator fisiológico intra-uterino associado à ocorrência de sintomas de asma aos seis anos de idade.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian version of the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS-Br)

Abstract Introduction: Anhedonia is a critical symptom of major depressive disorder that is defined as the reduced ability to experience pleasure. The Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) is commonly used to measure anhedonia and has exhibited satisfactory reliability. Objectives: We aim to perform cross-cultural adaptation of a Brazilian version of the TEPS and evaluate its psychometric properties. Method: The cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to previously established protocols. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency was used to establish the degree of interrelation and coherence of items. Also, we calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient to determine the stability of the scale after a proposed interval had elapsed and used exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the scale's factor structure and content validity. Principal component analysis was used to determine the factors to be retained in the factor model. Results: The participants reported that the Brazilian version of the TEPS had good comprehensibility and applicability. The results revealed a statistically significant correlation between measures. The intraclass correlation coefficient calculated was significant. The Cronbach's alpha value calculated indicated that the scale's overall internal consistency was adequate. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the TEPS scale proposed achieved good comprehensibility for the Brazilian population and its psychometric characteristics demonstrated good reliability and validity.

Maternal and early childhood factors associated with asthma and obesity in children aged 6 to 7 years: a case control study

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the maternal and early childhood factors associated with asthma and obesity in children aged 6 to 7 years. Methods A case-control study conducted with children aged 6 to 7 years. Applications with questions about asthma symptoms in the last 12 months, maternal and childhood data in the first 2 years of life, and anthropometric data were collected. Children who presented asthma symptoms were considered as cases and those without asthma symptoms were considered as controls, later divided into two subgroups that were eutrophic or overweight/obesity. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between asthma symptoms (adequate weight and overweight/obesity) and gestational and personal factors, calculating odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. Results Two hundred and one children were evaluated, 25.4% had asthma symptoms, 37.2% of them were overweight/obesity. Waist circumference, triceps skinfold, and body mass index were higher in the group with overweight/obesity asthma symptoms compared to no asthma symptoms (p<0.05). Factors significantly associated with asthma and overweight/obesity symptoms included: the maternal history of asthma (odds ratio of 3.73; 95%CI: 1.10-12.6) and hypertension during pregnancy (odds ratio of 3.29; 95%CI: 1.08-9.94). Conclusion Maternal history of asthma and hypertension during pregnancy increased the chances of children, at 6 and 7 years of age, having symptoms of asthma and obesity.

Accuracy of neck circumference for diagnosing overweight in sixand seven-year-old children

Abstract Objective: To estimate the accuracy of neck circumference measurement as a method of diagnosing excess weight of six and seven-year-old children. Methods: 1026 six and seven-year-old children were included and anthropometric data were collected using cut-off points for the Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score, in addition to the measurement of their neck circumference in centimeters. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between neck circumference and BMI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was used to measure the accuracy of neck circumference as a diagnostic method for excess weight. Results: A positive linear correlation value was observed between neck circumference and BMI 0.572 (p < 0.001). The accuracy value of the global ROC curve was 0.772 (p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity showed low values, but high positive predictive values were observed, especially between measures of 30 and 31 cm. Conclusion: Neck circumference showed accuracy of 77.2% as a diagnostic method for overweightness in six and seven-year-old children.

Preferência por comportamentos favoráveis à prática de atividade física em crianças com sintomas de asma e/ou rinite / Preference for behavior conducive to physical activity in children with symptoms of asthma and/or rhinitis

Introdução: A asma e a rinite parecem influenciar de diversas formas aspectos da vida das crianças, incluindo o comprometimento do nível de atividade física. Objetivo: Analisar a preferência por comportamentos favoráveis à prática de atividade física e o nível de atividade física de crianças de 6 a 7 anos com sintomas de asma e/ou rinite em uma cidade do Sul do Brasil. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, que estimou a presença de sintomas de asma e de rinite através do questionário International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood e sua relação com a preferência por comportamentos favoráveis à prática de atividade física e com o nível de atividade física avaliados com o Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire. O teste t de Student foi utilizado para verificar a associação entre as variáveis independentes e os comportamentos favoráveis à prática de atividade física e o nível de atividade física. ANOVA uma via, seguida do teste post hoc de Tukey foram utilizados para comparar os comportamentos favoráveis à prática de atividade física e o nível de atividade física entre grupos. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 282 crianças, nestas os sintomas de rinite foram os mais prevalentes, presentes em 20,2% das crianças. A associação de sintomas de asma e rinite foi constatada em 17,7% das crianças, e a presença isolada de sintomas de asma em 12,1%. Em relação ao nível de atividade física, os meninos obtiveram pontuação significativamente maior em relação à preferência por brincadeiras agitadas (p = 0,02) e prática de esportes (p = 0,01), o mesmo para crianças com sintomas de asma ou rinite. Conclusão: Não foi detectada relação entre o nível de atividade física e os sintomas de asma e rinite entre os participantes.

Introduction: Asthma and rhinitis seem to influence different aspects of children's lives, including impairment of physical activity level. Objective: To analyze preference for behaviors conducive to physical activity and level of physical activity in children aged 6 to 7 years with symptoms of asthma and/or rhinitis in a city in southern Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the presence of symptoms of asthma and rhinitis using the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood questionnaire and its association with behavior conducive to physical activity and with physical activity levels, which were evaluated with the Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire. Student's t-test was used to assess if independent variables were associated with behavior conducive to physical activity and physical activity levels. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test were used to compare behavior conducive to physical activity and physical activity levels between groups. Results: In total, 282 children participated in the study, and the most prevalent symptoms were those of rhinitis, present in 20.2% of children. The association of asthma and rhinitis symptoms was found in 17.7% of children, and the presence of asthma symptoms alone was found in 12.1%. Regarding the level of physical activity, boys obtained a significantly higher score in relation to their preference for active games (p = 0.02) and sports (p = 0.01), the same for children with symptoms of asthma or rhinitis. Conclusion: There was no relationship between level of physical activity and symptoms of asthma and rhinitis among the participants.